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Let’s continue with the last article of the High alloy H13 steel manufacturing technique，EDM&H13 Heat treatment process.

Let’s continue with the last article of the High alloy H13 steel processing technique，EDM&H13 Heat treatment process.

(4) EDM

EDM is an indispensable finishing method in the modern mold manufacturing process. During spark discharge, the local instantaneous temperature is over 1000 ° C, which melts and vaporizes the metal at the discharge. On the surface of the EDM process, there is a thin layer of molten and re-solidified metal with many microcracks. Under the microscope, this thin layer of metal has a bright white color, that is, a bright white layer. Studies have shown that, for high alloy H13 steel, the microstructure of the surface bright layer formed by EDM is primary martensite, residual austenite, and eutectic carbide, and there is a large amount of untempered primary martensite. Micro cracks. When the

high alloy H13 steel  mold is subjected to a load during work, these microcracks can easily develop into macrocracks, which results in the mold being prone to early fracture and early wear.high alloy H13 steel molds should be tempered again after EDM to eliminate internal stress, but the tempering temperature should not exceed the highest tempering temperature before EDM.

(5) Heat treatment process

Reasonable heat treatment process can make the mold obtain the required mechanical properties and improve the service life of the mold. However, if heat treatment defects occur due to improper design or operation of the heat treatment process, the bearing capacity of the mold will be seriously endangered, causing early failure and shortening the working life. Heat treatment defects include overheating, overburning, decarburization, cracking, uneven hardened layer and insufficient hardness. After the highly alloy H13 steel mold has been in service for a certain period of time, when the accumulated internal stress reaches a dangerous limit, the mold should be destressed and tempered, otherwise the mold will crack due to internal stress when it continues to serve.

Ms Sharon Wan

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Have you ever buy the ASTM A681 tool steel?

Tool steel is commonly used steel, maybe you know a lot about it. Over the years, metallurgists have tweaked alloy steel formulas to meet specific needs or working conditions. As a result, dozens of tool steel types exist.h13、o1、o2、d2、d3, etc. Have you ever buy the ASTM A681 tool steel? I would like to talk about the s7 tool steel, you can buy it if it is available for your demand.

OTAI SPECIAL STEEL is ASTM A681 tool steel stockholders and suppliers from china. more 16 years experience in A681 tool steel round bar, flat bar, and plate supply.

ASTM A681 tool steel properties

ASTM A681 tool steel is a versatile formulation suitable for both cold and hot work. with excellent toughness, high strength and medium wear resistance. Due to its maximum shock resistance and high compression strength, it has good deformation resistance and retains good toughness during use. this grade can be machine easily in the annealed condition and it can be heat treated. When quenched in the air this material exhibits minimal distortion on hardening.

ASTM A681 applies to molds that require high hardness. It features excellent impact and shock resistance and decent resistance to softening at high temperatures. A681 is comparatively less resistant to wear but is very tough. It resists distortion during heat treatment well.

ASTM A681 tool steel round bar and flat sections can be cut to your required sizes. A681 tool steel ground bar can also be supplied, providing a high-quality tool steel precision ground tool steel bar to your required tolerances. A681 steel is also available as Ground Flat Stock / Gauge Plate, in standard and nonstandard sizes.

Application of ASTM A681 tool steel

ASTM A681 tool steel properties make it a preferred type for riveting, notching, blanking cold forming and bending dies; bull riveters, concrete breakers, dowels, drill plates, and hubs.

Mr Jack Tan

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H13 STEEL APPLICATION IN LIFE-Chapter 12

Compared to the conventional cast or wrought material, the LC H13 tool steel demonstrated excellent tensile properties. From the Refs. [24–26], the yield and tensile strengths of the annealed cast or wrought H13 were about 370–510 and 670 MPa, respectively, while the yield and tensile strengths of the wrought H13 in hardened condition were in the range of 1290–1570 and 1500–1960 MPa, respectively. The tensile and yield strengths of the as-consolidated H13 were substantially higher than the annealed cast or wrought H13, and comparable to the hardened wrought H13. The elastic modulus of the as-consolidated H13 was about the same as the wrought material. However, the elongation of the as-consolidated H13 material was about 5%–6%, which was lower than the hardened wrought H13. A post heat treatment might be used to improve the elongation of the LC H13 material if required.

The LC H13 showed very good wear resistance. The pin-on-disk wear test results indicated that, under the given test conditions (3.175 mm diameter Cr steel ball of Rc.63; 250 g test load; total 4000 m sliding distance), as-consolidated H13 specimens showed significantly improved wear resistance as compared to hardened wrought H13 specimens. For example, the average volume loss of the as-consolidated H13 specimens was about 0.14 mm³, which was only about 1/3 of the volume loss of the hardened H13 tempered at 482°C (0.4 mm³) and about one order of magnitude less as compared to the annealed wrought H13 material (1.45 mm³). In addition, the average wear volume loss of Cr steel balls tested against the LC H13 specimens (0.21 mm³) was also significantly less (only 1/3 to 1/4) than that of the balls tested against the hardened or annealed wrought H13 specimens (0.56–0.88 mm³).

Microstructures in interface region and strengths of friction stir lap Al-to-Steel and Al-to-Ti welds

Experimental procedures

FSLW experiments were conducted using a converted milling machine. As indicated in Fig. 1, the top plate was an Al alloy and 6 mm thick AA6060-T5 alloy was used. The bottom plate was either 2 mm thick mild steel or 2.5 mm thick Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. The use of a sufficiently thick top plate was to prevent fracturing in the heat affect zone and to instead cause fracture along the interface region during mechanical testing. Before each experiment, the steel or the Ti plate was wire brushed to remove the surface oxide. FS tools were made using heat treated tool steel (H13). The diameter of the shoulder was 25 mm and the threaded pin outside diameter was 6 mm. Tool tilt angle was 2.5°, ω = 1,400 rpm, and v = 20 and 80 mm/min. A LowStir^TM unit was used and mounted in the milling machine for monitoring F_z.

Fig. 2 illustrates an experiment where F_z was also used to further assist D_p setting. Higher and instable F_z values should represent D_p > 0 and low and stable values represent D_p ≤ 0. Samples were taken from the weld with sampling regions also shown in the figure. Corresponding to Region 1, during the experiment, the tool started to be lowered very slowly and slightly. The recorded steadily increasing F_z values have ascertained that the pin just touched the bottom plate but D_p should be close to zero. On the other hand, in Region 2, the tool was lowered quickly and repeatedly. Thus, in this region, D_p should mostly be larger than zero although D_p may actually vary.

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H13 STEEL APPLICATION IN LIFE-Chapter 10

Laser-aided direct metal deposition of metals and alloys 

1.5.3.3 Composition sensor

During DMD, a plasma plume is generally a by-product because of the laser-induced plasma. Therefore, real-time spectroscopic analysis can be used to predict composition by evaluating the generated plasma using optical emission spectroscopy; further, a full spatial compositional evaluation of the manufactured products can be obtained. During DMD of an H13 tool steel material, both chromium and iron atomic emission lines are observed. When comparing the H13 tool steel spectral lines with the emission lines of pure chromium and pure iron, the chromium and iron lines are easily identified. Fig. 1.22(a) shows the calibration curves using two different chromium neutral atomic lines and two iron neutral atomic lines [93]. Second-order polynomial fittings were used to form the calibration curves. By measuring the plasma line intensity ratios and comparing them with the calibration curve, the composition ratio of different elements can be obtained. To improve the prediction accuracy, an average of seven predictions using seven different calibration curves were used (Fig. 1.22(b)).

Numerical modeling methodologies for friction stir welding process

5.6.1 Geometric modeling and material model

In ABAQUS all parts are created in the part module. Workpiece is defined as a three-dimensional Eulerian body with a dimension of 110 mm × 114 mm × 4.1 mm. The thickness of the workpiece (4.1 mm) is partitioned into two parts to define void surface and material assignment region each having thickness of 1 mm and 3.1 mm, respectively. Void region is required to simulate the flash formation. Tool is modeled as a solid homogenous rigid body with a shoulder diameter of 16 mm and a cylindrical pin with a diameter of 5 mm, and a pin height of 2.5 mm pin. Tool is tilted by 2 degrees toward the trailing edge during the assembly of the parts. AA 6061 is defined as the workpiece material and tool steel H13 is defined as the tool. Physical properties of the material are defined as a function of temperature and are same as presented in Table 5.12. Physical properties of H13 tool steel are mentioned in Table 5.9. Johnson–Cook material model is defined as expressed in Eq. (5.1). Material constant for JC model is presented in Table 5.13.

In CEL analysis if no material property is assigned to a region, it is then considered as void or empty region. Therefore to incorporate the material model and physical properties of the material, material assignment tool is used as shown in Fig. 5.18. The upper part (red color) having a thickness of 1 mm acts like a void region and the lower part (blue color) is the region with assigned material properties. It is mandatory to define a void region or else simulation will not converge because during plunging stage the tool pin will impinge on the workpiece and occupy the volume inside the Eulerian body (material assigned region). Hence, material beneath the pin will flow in upward direction and occupy space in the void region (ABAQUS 6.14 documentation, 2015).

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A2 Steel Plate Any Thickness For Forging Dies And Knives provided by OTAI Special Steel . After coronavirus , all the mill factory have resume production already . In Chinese steel market , all the steel stocklist were sufficiently to provide to all over the world . A2 steel plate All the size from 3-5mm for knives to 200MM for Forging Dies , even the very special big thickness could be customed . Any new inquiry please contact with us directly . We are back to working and will work hard in this year .

A2 Steel Plate Any Thickness For Forging Dies and Knives . OTAI SPECIAL STEEL is A2 tool steel stockholders and suppliers from china . more 16 years experience in AISI A2 tool steel round bar, flat bar and plate supply.

AISI A2 Steel is a high quality Cold work tool steel, It belong to the high quality high carbon alloy tool steel. Oil Quenched & Tempered Hardenss is 28-34 HRc. AISI A2 steel Annealing delivery hardenss less than 250HB. AISI A2 steel equivalent with GB Cr5Mo1V, JIS SKD12 Steel.

A2 tool steel properties as below:

Related Specifications ASTM A29/A29M DIN EN 10083/3 JIS G4053 GB/T 3077

Chemical composition

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of A2 tool steels are outlined in the following table.

Applications

A2 steels are mainly used for slitters, die shapes.

A2 tool steel typical applications include cold forging dies, coining dies, cold heading dies, shear blades, knurling tools and as cutting knives for paper, wood, fibre and resin-bonded aterial, etc.

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1.2344 Saw Cut Sheet Plate for Auto Parts Mould Use provided by OTAI Special Steel from China . Any measure and special request could meeting . Very adequate stock could promote to abroad . Although this year the coronavirus have influenced to all over the world . But we belive that we could fight against from this . And resure the 1.2344 tool steel business relationship like before . And get the win-win cooperation in the future .

1.2344 Saw Cut Sheet Plate for Auto Parts Mould Use sales promotion in March .

1.2344 tool steel metal china supplier and stockholders. OTAI Special steel is hot work alloy 1.2344 tool steel china supplier of in round bar, plate, flat bar, sheet, square and block. 1.2344 tool steel equivalent with JIS SKD61, GB 4Cr5MoSiV1 and AISI H13 Tool Steel. 1.2344 steel consists of  chromium,   molybdenum and vanadium and is known for its high hardenability and great toughness.

The molybdenum and vanadium act as strengthening agents while the chromium content helps the 1.2344 tool steel to withstand softening when used at high temperatures. It also combines shock and abrasion resistance, has good red hardness,  can resist rapid cooling and withstand premature heat checking. 1.2344 tool steel has good machinability, good weldability and good ductility and it can be formed by conventional means.   So 1.2344 steel applications is very range in hot forged mold, hot work tool.

1.2344 tool steel is characterized by:

1. High level of toughness and ductility
2. Good resistance to abrasion at both low and high temperatures
3. Good high-temperature strength
4. High through-hardening properties
5. Very limited distortion during hardening
6. Good resistance to thermal fatigue                                                                                                                                                                                                1.2344 Saw Cut Sheet Plate for Auto Parts Mould Tool Steel is used in hot forging dies. hot forging die inserts, hot gripper dies, hot nut tools, hot header dies, brass forging and pressing dies, hot forging aluminum base dies . aluminum casting and extrusion dies, zinc die casting dies, extrusion mandrels, plastic molds. cores, die holder blocks, hot press dies, hot work punches, etc.

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1.2311 and 1.2378, which is one is more suitable for you？

Nowadays, with the development of economic, plastic plays an important role in our daily life. so the plastic mold steel also important for us. Plastic mold steel is mold steel for plastics. Plastic mold materials are mainly based on mold steel. 1.2311 and 1.2378 steel is the typical mold steel.

Both of them are produced by the German DIN standard. The development of mold steel has promoted the development of industrial products in the direction of advanced, diversified, personalized, and high added value.

what’s the difference between 1.2311 and 1.2738?

1.2311 tool steel is a mold material for plastic injection, it belongs to the high-quality medium carbon, Pre-hardness(28~34HRc), Cold work plastic mold steel. It is no need for further heat treatment. so you don’t have any worry about distortion or cracking. 1.2311 steel is most widely used to plastic mold material in injection plastic mold.

After heat treatment, processing and polishing performance is good, 1.2311 can be carried out, and can be processed, suitable for the surface treatment of chrome, material hardness even (to 400mm thick), good toughness, good mechanical processing performance. Main be applied to in zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and its alloy die-casting mold; Hot-pressing mold, all kinds of a hot forging die; Metal extrusion dies, die set.

1.2738 steel has relatively superior mechanical properties and good processability among similar grades of steel. Since the1. 2738 mold steel has been pre-hardened, when it leaves the factory, it can be directly used for processing, thereby reducing the heat treatment, link in the normal mold production, it processing and improving economic benefits. It’s pre-hardened plastic mold steel, executes standard 29-33HRC.

1.2738 with about 1% nickel content. Due to the addition of the nickel element, its harden ability is improved, and the hardness distribution of large sections, and thick plates is uniform.

1.2738 is mainly used in large plastic molds and mold bases, such as automobile bumpers and TV shell molds. Suitable for molds requiring high lightness, such as the production of hard rubber (PS),and ultra-hardened rubber (ABS), etc. televisions, fax machines, plastic parts for home appliances, and automotive parts that require a certain degree of polishing. its characteristics are: excellent processing performance, easy cutting and polishing and electrical corrosion performance.

Mr Jack Tan

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High Speed Steel –M2 Part 2

M2 high-speed steel is a tungsten-molybdenum tool steel. M2 is characterised by well-balanced toughness, wear resistance and red hardness properties.

AISI M2 high-speed steel has largely replaced T1 in most applications due to its superior properties and advantageous pricing. M2 is medium-alloyed and is a good all-round performer with good machinability, in this respect it is superior to the high alloyed cold work steels.

Related Specifications : DIN 1.3343

Applications

The well balance properties of M2 means it is used in a wide range of cutting tools where demands for hot hardness are moderate, such as twist drills, reamers, broaching tools, milling tools, taps and metal saws.

M2 is also suitable for cold work applications such as tools for punching, forming and pressing.

If you are looking for superior red-hardness then consider M42 high speed steel.

M2 high-speed steel stock

Steel Express stock and supply M2 high-speed steel in round, flat and square bar. We can cut to your requirements in house.

M2 diameters from 10 mm up to 250 mm. Flat and square stock, please call with your requirements .

Heat treatment of M2 high-speed steel

The following information is provided for guidance only. The rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to the shape and size of each component and other external factors.

Annealing

Heat the M2 high-speed steel to 850 – 900°C. Hold at temperature for at least two hours or one hour per 25 mm of thickness. Furnace cool slowly. The maximum hardness should be 248 Brinell.

Stress relieving

Stress relieving M2 is recommended after machining or grinding and before hardening to minimise the chance of distortion. Heat the component to 600 – 700°C and soak well (for approximately two hours), then cool in air.

Hardening

Pre heat the M2 in two steps; 450 – 500°C then 850 – 900°C. Then continue heating to the final hardening temperature of 1200 – 1250°C. Do not leave the steel too long at the hardening temperature. Quench in warm oil or brine to about 500°C then air cool down to room temperature.

Tempering

Heat the M2 to the required tempering temperature, hold at temperature for at least two hours or one hour per 25 mm of thickness. Double tempering is recommended.

Forging

Pre heat slowly to 850 – 900°C, then increase more quickly to the forging temperature of 1050 – 1150°C. Do not forge below 880 – 900°C. Cool very slowly after forging.

(data sheet & typical analysis available on request).

Properties

M-2 is typically bought to meet chemistry requirements rather than physical requirements. For that reason, physical properties are generally not provided unless requested prior to production. Any material can be sent to a third party after production to be tested for physical properties.

Typical Uses

Typical Applications include Broaches, Boring Tools, Chasers, Cold Forming Rolls, Cold Heading Inserts, Drills, End Mills, Form Tools, Hobs, Lathe and Planer Tools, Punches, Milling Cutters, Taps, Reamers, and Saws.

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High Speed Steel –M2 Part 1

High Speed Steel –M2 Part 1

High-speed steel (HSS or HS) is a subset of tool steels, commonly used as cutting tool material.

It is often used in power-saw blades and drill bits. It is superior to the older high-carbon steel tools used extensively through the 1940s in that it can withstand higher temperatures without losing its temper (hardness). This property allows HSS to cut faster than high carbon steel, hence the name high-speed steel. At room temperature, in their generally recommended heat treatment, HSS grades generally display high hardness (above Rockwell hardness 60) and abrasion resistance (generally linked to tungsten and vanadium content often used in HSS) compared with common carbon and tool steels.

M2

M2 is the “standard” and most widely used industrial HSS. It has small and evenly distributed carbides giving high wear resistance, though its decarburization sensitivity is a little bit high. After heat treatment, its hardness is the same as T1, but its bending strength can reach 4700 MPa, and its toughness and thermo-plasticity are higher than T1 by 50%. It is usually used to manufacture a variety of tools, such as drill bits, taps and reamers. 1.3343 is the equivalent numeric designation for M2 material identified in ISO 4957.

Lasers and electron beams can be used as sources of intense heat at the surface for heat treatment, remelting (glazing), and compositional modification. It is possible to achieve different molten pool shapes and temperatures, as well as cooling rates ranging from 10³ to 10⁶ K s⁻¹. Beneficially, there is little or no cracking or porosity formation.^[1]

While the possibilities of heat treating at the surface should be readily apparent, the other applications beg some explanation. At cooling rates in excess of 10⁶ K s⁻¹ eutectic microconstituents disappear and there is extreme segregation of substitutional alloying elements. This has the effect of providing the benefits of a glazed part without the associated run-in wear damage.^[1]

The alloy composition of a part or tool can also be changed to form a high speed steel on the surface of a lean alloy or to form an alloy or carbide enriched layer on the surface of a high speed steel part. Several methods can be used such as foils, pack boronising, plasma spray powders, powder cored strips, inert gas blow feeders, etc. Although this method has been reported to be both beneficial and stable, it has yet to see widespread commercial use.^[1]

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16MnCr5 alloy steel, Otai provides a specific size for you.

Today let’s talk about 16MnCr5 alloy steel, it is geared steel, we will receive several quotes from our clients every year. Although it is not the main product of our company, I’d like to share the basic information with you. If you are considering to buy it, maybe you can know more about the 16MnCr5 alloy steel from this article.

16MnCr5 gear steel is a steel grade imported from Germany, which is equivalent to China’s 15CrMn steel, but its mechanical properties are better than 15CrMn steel. It has better hardenability and machinability. For larger cross-section parts, a higher surface can be obtained after heat treatment.

16MnCr5 is a carburized steel, which is usually low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.17% to 0.24%. Most of the transmission gears used in automobiles are medium-hardenability carburizing steels, which have high hardenability. Under the condition of ensuring hardening, especially with high low-temperature impact toughness. 16MnCrS is suitable for surface carburizing and hardening treatment. , Has good processability, processing distortion is small, fatigue resistance is quite good.

Chemical of 16MnCr5 alloy steel:

C: 0.14~0.19%

Si: 0.15~0.40%

Mn: 1.00~ 1.30%

Cr: 0.80~1.10%

S:≤0.035%

P:≤0.035%

Form of Supply

DIN 16MnCr5|1.7131 gearing steel, otai company can supply the round bar, steel flat bar, plate, hexagonal steel bar, and steel square block. DIN 16MnCr5|1.7131 steel Round bar can be sawn to your required lengths as one-offs or multiple cut pieces. 16MnCr5|1.7131 gearing steel Rectangular pieces can be sawn from flat bar or plate to your specific sizes. Ground tool steel bar can be supplied, provide a quality precision finished bar to tight tolerances.

Application of 16MnCr5 alloy steel

16MnCr5 is good carburizing steel with high hardenability. After carburizing and quenching, it has a hard and wear-resistant surface and a tough heart. It has high low-temperature impact toughness, medium weldability, and can be cut after normalizing. Sex is good.

16MnCr5 is used to manufacture important parts with a cross-section <30mm, which can withstand high speed, medium or heavy load, impact, and friction, such as gears, ring gears, gear shaft crossheads, etc. Can be used as 15CrNi6 substitute steel, widely used as carburizing parts, in the automobile, aircraft and tractor industry for cross-section below 30mm, withstand high speed, medium speed or heavy load and impact, friction important carburizing parts, such as gears, Shafts, ring gears, gear shafts, main shafts of sliding bearings, crossheads, claw clutches, worms, etc.

Mr Jack Tan

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